Showing posts with label embedded linux. Show all posts
Showing posts with label embedded linux. Show all posts

Friday, May 10, 2013

How to format or wipe a compact flash that is used for an embedded operating system?

Q. I have an ATP 4GB Compact Flash that is used for a computer and not for photos or with a camera.
It is Linux OS and after I format it in Win XP, the files are still there. Is there a program such as Boot and Nuke(which is for IDE drives) that will wipe the compact flash clean??
I've also tried to fdisk/format in DOS which does not work either. Any suggestions?

A. I'd say you have a bigger problem. Formatting isn't typically conditional. You don't complete a format, only to find that there are still files a card or drive. When a new file table is applied to a media device, it should be destroying any data on the card. I would use the Windows Disk Utility to delete the partition on that card, and then apply a new format to the drive. Do not use the Quick Format option either.

Do you think a Unix or Linux Administrator can get a job almost anywhere in the world easily?
Q. Let's say a person from America go to Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, or whatever. Do you think it would be easy to get a job since they have Linux Administration experience?

A. if you have the Linux qualifications then yes you will get a job any where in the world,
Linux runs the Internet,
Linux runs 455 of the worlds fastest top 500 HPC (High Powered Computers) Microsoft have 1 HPC in the bottom 45 (their own system)

You use Linux every day and don't know it, Linux run all domestic appliances from TV's Microwaves, Washers, Dryers, In car computers The list of embedded Linux in use is endless
if you want to know whats going on in the Linux world check these websites out
http://lxer.com/
http://lwn.net/
http://www.linuxtoday.com/

http://www.google.com/search?q=Intel%2Blinux&hl=en&prmd=n&source=univ&tbs=nws:1&tbo=u&ei=Si5yTOPOFIWBlAf7gvH0Dg&sa=X&oi=news_group&ct=title&resnum=5&ved=0CC0QsQQwBA
http://www-03.ibm.com/linux/

Why is Linux the operating system of choice for so many electronic gadgets?
Q. i need to know why Linux is the operating system of choice for so many electronic gadgets?

A. DavoJo has a good answer, but I'm going to go a little further and mention that embedded developers have the freedom to easily compile in only the features they need, which results is a fast-booting, bloat-free, lean operating system that is still as feature-rich as they desire.

Adding drivers for specialized hardware is easier than with other systems (Greg Kroah-Hartman and his team of volunteers will even write the drivers for you if you just provide specs), so hardware compatibility is a non-issue. With the abundance of Unix and portable C software available, software compatibility is also good.

Finally, Linux is free and easy to license, as long as you don't blatantly violate the GPL. (As of now, Linux is still licensed under version 2 of the GPL, so you still have a good number of options as far as how you use it and what you use it with.)



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Saturday, May 4, 2013

Will a Linux operating system be difficult for somebody who used only Windows all life?

Q. Today I decided that I am officially tired with Windows and want to install Linux on my laptop. I read on a website all the pro and cons of each operating system ( Windows, OS, Linux) and discovered that Linux is the only one who had the pro list longer than the cons list. ( windows too vulnerable and Macs too pricey). In any case,in the Linux cons list it said that Linux should only be used by experienced computer users. I know my way around a computer but I cannot call myself and expert. Would it be difficult to transition from Windows to Linux if I am not a computer expert?

A. Welcome to the would of Linux based OSs!!

At one point or another most Linux users made that switch, and it can be difficult IF you try to use Linux (remember Linux is the kernel not the OS) like you use Windows. There is a learning curve that you must overcome. Things are just different, but not difficult. Years ago it was harder, but now, there are many distros (distributions) tailored to new users.

Since you already know the pros and cons, there is no need to discuss them. But when you start using Linux based OSs, you WILL be in "windows mode". This just takes time to overcome. Most people that tried Linux and said it was to hard, did not give themselves enough time to get out of "winblos mode".

When you install a Linux distro, you do not need antivirus, antimalware, firewalls, you do not need to defrag. You can install them if you like, but there is no real need unless it makes you feel better. If you stick to the repos (repositories - just to make it easier to explain - you can think of it like an app store that you use on your phone) you will be safe from malware.

Now the hardest part, at least for me, is to choose which distro. Go to distrowatch.com for info on hundreds of different distros.

Most distros are based on a few main distros. Here is an image to give you an idea how many forked from other distros:
http://files.cyberciti.biz/uploads/tips/2007/06/44218-linuxdistrotimeline-7.2.png

When I made the switch from winblows to Linux, here was my criteria:
1. made for beginners - you will have many problems if you jump to a distro made for experts
2. it must be a popular distro - the more people using it, the more help you will receive. you can ask on YA, in a linux forum, or people you know.
3 must look decent. I just don't like an ugly desktop.

Also, you can take almost any distro and add different desktop environments. You can think of the DE as the user interface. You can take Ubuntu, that ships with the Unity DE, and ad another, say KDE. But they do have this already, and called Kubuntu.

You can take Mint (which I recommend for new users) which you can choose form Cinnamon, GNOME, KDE, MATE, Xfce desktops. Or you can add others. Here is a gallery of some of the DEs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment#Gallery

So I would suggest to get an 8 or larger USB flash drive (or what ever you have) and use a program called YUMI to install as many different distros on that drive as it can hold. You choose which distro to boot into on start up. This way you can try out many different distros.

Also try out many of the different DEs. There is no way to know which one is right for you. since they are personal choice. I recommend the KDE since you are coming from winblows. It is pretty and (to me) easier to use. So I recommend Mint with KDE.

There are other made for beginners. If you decide to use Ubuntu make sure that you have a wired internet connection when you install. Ubuntu does not use closed source or proprietary software (it a FOSS thing). It will ask when you install if you want to use restricted software. Mint ships with this software and works better out of the box.

There are distros made for just about anything. If you have an older computer, there are distros for old computers. If this is the case I suggest to not use KDE but one made for older or slower computers. Like LXDE (You can download Mint with LXDE). There are distros for media production, scientists, educators, security, privacy, embedded, etc.... Heck, you can even put Linux on your router, mp3 player, tv, and other devices.

Here are some others:
http://distrowatch.com/search.php?category=Beginners

Is the Linux market share increasing or has it stabilized?
Q. Is the Linux market share increasing or has it stabilized?

A. It is on the increase. At my employer we use embedded Linux , enterprise Linux, as well as small device Linux (Android).

Perhaps the enterprise sector is growing the fastest (Redhat, Centos, Novel Suse, and IBM).

Google Android is taking over the smart phone market.

MAC OS is for all practical purposes Linux.

what will happened to the drivers of my pc if i change from win7 to MAC or Linux?
Q. i am planning to change my OS from windows 7 to MAC or Linux but i am quite afraid that if i do it, the drivers in my printer, camera, motherboard, bluetooth, joystick, ect. won't work anymore.
i just wanna confirm, if my doubts are correct that the drivers that i have right now will no longer work if ever i install MAC or Linux.
i also wanna ask your advice with what versions of MAC/Linux should i use? and why?

A. linux and mac also have built-in drivers
but some of your drivers have to reinstall them (with Linux and mac versions)


i will recommend you Linux

Linux Advantages (short)
Open Source
its free
less virus

Linux Advantages (full description)

#1 Low cost: You donât need to spend time and money to obtain licenses since Linux and much of its software come with the GNU General Public License. You can start to work immediately without worrying that your software may stop working anytime because the free trial version expires. Additionally, there are large repositories from which you can freely download high quality software for almost any task you can think of.


#2 Stability: Linux doesnât need to be rebooted periodically to maintain performance levels. It doesnât freeze up or slow down over time due to memory leaks and such. Continuous up-times of hundreds of days (up to a year or more) are not uncommon.


#3 Performance: Linux provides persistent high performance on workstations and on networks. It can handle unusually large numbers of users simultaneously, and can make old computers sufficiently responsive to be useful again.


# 4 Network friendliness: Linux was developed by a group of programmers over the Internet and has therefore strong support for network functionality; client and server systems can be easily set up on any computer running Linux. It can perform tasks such as network backups faster and more reliably than alternative systems.


#5 Flexibility: Linux can be used for high performance server applications, desktop applications, and embedded systems. You can save disk space by only installing the components needed for a particular use. You can restrict the use of specific computers by installing for example only selected office applications instead of the whole suite.


#6 Compatibility: It runs all common Unix software packages and can process all common file formats.

#7 Choice: The large number of Linux distributions gives you a choice. Each distribution is developed and supported by a different organization. You can pick the one you like best; the core functionalities are the same; most software runs on most distributions.

#8 Full use of hard disk: Linux continues work well even when the hard disk is almost full.

#9 Multitasking: Linux is designed to do many things at the same time; e.g., a large printing job in the background wonât slow down your other work.

#10 Security: Linux is one of the most secure operating systems. âWallsâ and flexible file access permission systems prevent access by unwanted visitors or viruses. Linux users have to option to select and safely download software, free of charge, from online repositories containing thousands of high quality packages. No purchase transactions requiring credit card numbers or other sensitive personal information are necessary.

#11 Open Source: If you develop software that requires knowledge or modification of the operating system code, Linuxâs source code is at your fingertips. Most Linux applications are Open Source as well.



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Wednesday, May 1, 2013

How can I get an introduction as to how Linux is used in Embedded Applications?

Q. I wish to have a dive (not swim very deep though) into Embedded Linux.
Are there any good resources on the internet that you would like to recommend?
Please note that I know the C language inside out and have also done micro-controllers programming even though it was without any RTOS.

A. See the guide here: http://www.scratchbox.org/documentation/general/tutorials/introduction.html

Where is the best source to have a custom hardware device designed and built?
Q. I am looking for a resource or a tech shop to custom design and build a hardware device to my specifications with embedded Linux. Where is the best place to find a firm who designs custom hardware devices?

A. You can TRY this place. I don't know if they'll do you any good or not but it's a start:

http://www.directron.com/contact.html

I just called them, myself, to see if they offered the services you describe, but they're in Texas and it's 8:45 pm there right now!...and they're closed.

I hope this helps. Good luck!

How do I install python libraries?
Q. I have an embedded Linux device that is running an embedded version of python for it. The scripts I'm trying to run work great on my computer but wont run on the embedded Linux device. I looked into the matter further and found that two modules I am using, threading and signal, are not included in the embedded version of python. They are (I think) part of the standard python library. How can I get these modules and install them separately. I don't think I can put the standard python onto my embedded Linux device.

A. The module threading is a module located in the Lib directory (standard installation). You could try to place this file in corresponding location on your device. Signal is a built-in module. I suspect its platform-dependent and maybe not (yet?) implemented for your device. If your platform is windows CE for example, signal is not implement in the win CE version of python



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Saturday, April 27, 2013

How do I create a custom error page or action for firefox/iceweasel on an embedded linux device?

Q. I am developing a small embedded debian linux device with firefox/iceweasel and a 7" touchscreen display. I need to create a custom action/response/page/redirect when the device boots and can not connect to the network (i.e. some 4xx http error, can't reach http://www.linux.org/). Is there something built into firefox? If not, any other ideas? Thank You!!!

A. custom error 404

copy paste to URL
http://www.knowledgesutra.com/forums/topic/22491-custom-404-error-pages/

Is software I write for one Linux distribution compatible for all Linux distributions?
Q. I'm thinking about writing some stuff for an easy to get distro like Ubuntu, then trying it on an embedded Linux platform with an ARM processor.

Will I have issues porting it over?

I'm not a computer newb entirely, but I am a Linux newb for the most part.

A. Probably... Everything in linux is built from packets (As you probably know by now) - you want to make sure you know which packets you need... My APGUI project needs GTK, Python, Pygtk and APG before it will run...

If your app is entirely self-contained... Gratz, you are one of the only 5 people who write apps that way :)

How can I get an introduction as to how Linux is used in Embedded Applications?
Q. I wish to have a dive (not swim very deep though) into Embedded Linux.
Are there any good resources on the internet that you would like to recommend?
Please note that I know the C language inside out and have also done micro-controllers programming even though it was without any RTOS.

A. See the guide here: http://www.scratchbox.org/documentation/general/tutorials/introduction.html



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Friday, April 12, 2013

How can I get an introduction as to how Linux is used in Embedded Applications?

Q. I wish to have a dive (not swim very deep though) into Embedded Linux.
Are there any good resources on the internet that you would like to recommend?
Please note that I know the C language inside out and have also done micro-controllers programming even though it was without any RTOS.

A. See the guide here: http://www.scratchbox.org/documentation/general/tutorials/introduction.html

How do I install python libraries?
Q. I have an embedded Linux device that is running an embedded version of python for it. The scripts I'm trying to run work great on my computer but wont run on the embedded Linux device. I looked into the matter further and found that two modules I am using, threading and signal, are not included in the embedded version of python. They are (I think) part of the standard python library. How can I get these modules and install them separately. I don't think I can put the standard python onto my embedded Linux device.

A. The module threading is a module located in the Lib directory (standard installation). You could try to place this file in corresponding location on your device. Signal is a built-in module. I suspect its platform-dependent and maybe not (yet?) implemented for your device. If your platform is windows CE for example, signal is not implement in the win CE version of python

Will a Linux operating system be difficult for somebody who used only Windows all life?
Q. Today I decided that I am officially tired with Windows and want to install Linux on my laptop. I read on a website all the pro and cons of each operating system ( Windows, OS, Linux) and discovered that Linux is the only one who had the pro list longer than the cons list. ( windows too vulnerable and Macs too pricey). In any case,in the Linux cons list it said that Linux should only be used by experienced computer users. I know my way around a computer but I cannot call myself and expert. Would it be difficult to transition from Windows to Linux if I am not a computer expert?

A. Welcome to the would of Linux based OSs!!

At one point or another most Linux users made that switch, and it can be difficult IF you try to use Linux (remember Linux is the kernel not the OS) like you use Windows. There is a learning curve that you must overcome. Things are just different, but not difficult. Years ago it was harder, but now, there are many distros (distributions) tailored to new users.

Since you already know the pros and cons, there is no need to discuss them. But when you start using Linux based OSs, you WILL be in "windows mode". This just takes time to overcome. Most people that tried Linux and said it was to hard, did not give themselves enough time to get out of "winblos mode".

When you install a Linux distro, you do not need antivirus, antimalware, firewalls, you do not need to defrag. You can install them if you like, but there is no real need unless it makes you feel better. If you stick to the repos (repositories - just to make it easier to explain - you can think of it like an app store that you use on your phone) you will be safe from malware.

Now the hardest part, at least for me, is to choose which distro. Go to distrowatch.com for info on hundreds of different distros.

Most distros are based on a few main distros. Here is an image to give you an idea how many forked from other distros:
http://files.cyberciti.biz/uploads/tips/2007/06/44218-linuxdistrotimeline-7.2.png

When I made the switch from winblows to Linux, here was my criteria:
1. made for beginners - you will have many problems if you jump to a distro made for experts
2. it must be a popular distro - the more people using it, the more help you will receive. you can ask on YA, in a linux forum, or people you know.
3 must look decent. I just don't like an ugly desktop.

Also, you can take almost any distro and add different desktop environments. You can think of the DE as the user interface. You can take Ubuntu, that ships with the Unity DE, and ad another, say KDE. But they do have this already, and called Kubuntu.

You can take Mint (which I recommend for new users) which you can choose form Cinnamon, GNOME, KDE, MATE, Xfce desktops. Or you can add others. Here is a gallery of some of the DEs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment#Gallery

So I would suggest to get an 8 or larger USB flash drive (or what ever you have) and use a program called YUMI to install as many different distros on that drive as it can hold. You choose which distro to boot into on start up. This way you can try out many different distros.

Also try out many of the different DEs. There is no way to know which one is right for you. since they are personal choice. I recommend the KDE since you are coming from winblows. It is pretty and (to me) easier to use. So I recommend Mint with KDE.

There are other made for beginners. If you decide to use Ubuntu make sure that you have a wired internet connection when you install. Ubuntu does not use closed source or proprietary software (it a FOSS thing). It will ask when you install if you want to use restricted software. Mint ships with this software and works better out of the box.

There are distros made for just about anything. If you have an older computer, there are distros for old computers. If this is the case I suggest to not use KDE but one made for older or slower computers. Like LXDE (You can download Mint with LXDE). There are distros for media production, scientists, educators, security, privacy, embedded, etc.... Heck, you can even put Linux on your router, mp3 player, tv, and other devices.

Here are some others:
http://distrowatch.com/search.php?category=Beginners



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Friday, April 5, 2013

what will happened to the drivers of my pc if i change from win7 to MAC or Linux?

Q. i am planning to change my OS from windows 7 to MAC or Linux but i am quite afraid that if i do it, the drivers in my printer, camera, motherboard, bluetooth, joystick, ect. won't work anymore.
i just wanna confirm, if my doubts are correct that the drivers that i have right now will no longer work if ever i install MAC or Linux.
i also wanna ask your advice with what versions of MAC/Linux should i use? and why?

A. linux and mac also have built-in drivers
but some of your drivers have to reinstall them (with Linux and mac versions)


i will recommend you Linux

Linux Advantages (short)
Open Source
its free
less virus

Linux Advantages (full description)

#1 Low cost: You donât need to spend time and money to obtain licenses since Linux and much of its software come with the GNU General Public License. You can start to work immediately without worrying that your software may stop working anytime because the free trial version expires. Additionally, there are large repositories from which you can freely download high quality software for almost any task you can think of.


#2 Stability: Linux doesnât need to be rebooted periodically to maintain performance levels. It doesnât freeze up or slow down over time due to memory leaks and such. Continuous up-times of hundreds of days (up to a year or more) are not uncommon.


#3 Performance: Linux provides persistent high performance on workstations and on networks. It can handle unusually large numbers of users simultaneously, and can make old computers sufficiently responsive to be useful again.


# 4 Network friendliness: Linux was developed by a group of programmers over the Internet and has therefore strong support for network functionality; client and server systems can be easily set up on any computer running Linux. It can perform tasks such as network backups faster and more reliably than alternative systems.


#5 Flexibility: Linux can be used for high performance server applications, desktop applications, and embedded systems. You can save disk space by only installing the components needed for a particular use. You can restrict the use of specific computers by installing for example only selected office applications instead of the whole suite.


#6 Compatibility: It runs all common Unix software packages and can process all common file formats.

#7 Choice: The large number of Linux distributions gives you a choice. Each distribution is developed and supported by a different organization. You can pick the one you like best; the core functionalities are the same; most software runs on most distributions.

#8 Full use of hard disk: Linux continues work well even when the hard disk is almost full.

#9 Multitasking: Linux is designed to do many things at the same time; e.g., a large printing job in the background wonât slow down your other work.

#10 Security: Linux is one of the most secure operating systems. âWallsâ and flexible file access permission systems prevent access by unwanted visitors or viruses. Linux users have to option to select and safely download software, free of charge, from online repositories containing thousands of high quality packages. No purchase transactions requiring credit card numbers or other sensitive personal information are necessary.

#11 Open Source: If you develop software that requires knowledge or modification of the operating system code, Linuxâs source code is at your fingertips. Most Linux applications are Open Source as well.

How to format or wipe a compact flash that is used for an embedded operating system?
Q. I have an ATP 4GB Compact Flash that is used for a computer and not for photos or with a camera.
It is Linux OS and after I format it in Win XP, the files are still there. Is there a program such as Boot and Nuke(which is for IDE drives) that will wipe the compact flash clean??
I've also tried to fdisk/format in DOS which does not work either. Any suggestions?

A. I'd say you have a bigger problem. Formatting isn't typically conditional. You don't complete a format, only to find that there are still files a card or drive. When a new file table is applied to a media device, it should be destroying any data on the card. I would use the Windows Disk Utility to delete the partition on that card, and then apply a new format to the drive. Do not use the Quick Format option either.

Do you think a Unix or Linux Administrator can get a job almost anywhere in the world easily?
Q. Let's say a person from America go to Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, or whatever. Do you think it would be easy to get a job since they have Linux Administration experience?

A. if you have the Linux qualifications then yes you will get a job any where in the world,
Linux runs the Internet,
Linux runs 455 of the worlds fastest top 500 HPC (High Powered Computers) Microsoft have 1 HPC in the bottom 45 (their own system)

You use Linux every day and don't know it, Linux run all domestic appliances from TV's Microwaves, Washers, Dryers, In car computers The list of embedded Linux in use is endless
if you want to know whats going on in the Linux world check these websites out
http://lxer.com/
http://lwn.net/
http://www.linuxtoday.com/

http://www.google.com/search?q=Intel%2Blinux&hl=en&prmd=n&source=univ&tbs=nws:1&tbo=u&ei=Si5yTOPOFIWBlAf7gvH0Dg&sa=X&oi=news_group&ct=title&resnum=5&ved=0CC0QsQQwBA
http://www-03.ibm.com/linux/



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Saturday, March 23, 2013

How can I get an introduction as to how Linux is used in Embedded Applications?

Q. I wish to have a dive (not swim very deep though) into Embedded Linux.
Are there any good resources on the internet that you would like to recommend?
Please note that I know the C language inside out and have also done micro-controllers programming even though it was without any RTOS.

A. See the guide here: http://www.scratchbox.org/documentation/general/tutorials/introduction.html

Where is the best source to have a custom hardware device designed and built?
Q. I am looking for a resource or a tech shop to custom design and build a hardware device to my specifications with embedded Linux. Where is the best place to find a firm who designs custom hardware devices?

A. You can TRY this place. I don't know if they'll do you any good or not but it's a start:

http://www.directron.com/contact.html

I just called them, myself, to see if they offered the services you describe, but they're in Texas and it's 8:45 pm there right now!...and they're closed.

I hope this helps. Good luck!

How do I install python libraries?
Q. I have an embedded Linux device that is running an embedded version of python for it. The scripts I'm trying to run work great on my computer but wont run on the embedded Linux device. I looked into the matter further and found that two modules I am using, threading and signal, are not included in the embedded version of python. They are (I think) part of the standard python library. How can I get these modules and install them separately. I don't think I can put the standard python onto my embedded Linux device.

A. The module threading is a module located in the Lib directory (standard installation). You could try to place this file in corresponding location on your device. Signal is a built-in module. I suspect its platform-dependent and maybe not (yet?) implemented for your device. If your platform is windows CE for example, signal is not implement in the win CE version of python



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Is software I write for one Linux distribution compatible for all Linux distributions?

Q. I'm thinking about writing some stuff for an easy to get distro like Ubuntu, then trying it on an embedded Linux platform with an ARM processor.

Will I have issues porting it over?

I'm not a computer newb entirely, but I am a Linux newb for the most part.

A. Probably... Everything in linux is built from packets (As you probably know by now) - you want to make sure you know which packets you need... My APGUI project needs GTK, Python, Pygtk and APG before it will run...

If your app is entirely self-contained... Gratz, you are one of the only 5 people who write apps that way :)

How can I get an introduction as to how Linux is used in Embedded Applications?
Q. I wish to have a dive (not swim very deep though) into Embedded Linux.
Are there any good resources on the internet that you would like to recommend?
Please note that I know the C language inside out and have also done micro-controllers programming even though it was without any RTOS.

A. See the guide here: http://www.scratchbox.org/documentation/general/tutorials/introduction.html

Where is the best source to have a custom hardware device designed and built?
Q. I am looking for a resource or a tech shop to custom design and build a hardware device to my specifications with embedded Linux. Where is the best place to find a firm who designs custom hardware devices?

A. You can TRY this place. I don't know if they'll do you any good or not but it's a start:

http://www.directron.com/contact.html

I just called them, myself, to see if they offered the services you describe, but they're in Texas and it's 8:45 pm there right now!...and they're closed.

I hope this helps. Good luck!



Nec Projector Review

Plastic Shed Reviews

Ati Graphic Reviews

Nurse Uniforms Reviews

Cabochons Reviews

Inflatable Water Slides Reviews

Barcode Scanner Reviews

Labels:

what will happened to the drivers of my pc if i change from win7 to MAC or Linux?

Q. i am planning to change my OS from windows 7 to MAC or Linux but i am quite afraid that if i do it, the drivers in my printer, camera, motherboard, bluetooth, joystick, ect. won't work anymore.
i just wanna confirm, if my doubts are correct that the drivers that i have right now will no longer work if ever i install MAC or Linux.
i also wanna ask your advice with what versions of MAC/Linux should i use? and why?

A. linux and mac also have built-in drivers
but some of your drivers have to reinstall them (with Linux and mac versions)


i will recommend you Linux

Linux Advantages (short)
Open Source
its free
less virus

Linux Advantages (full description)

#1 Low cost: You donât need to spend time and money to obtain licenses since Linux and much of its software come with the GNU General Public License. You can start to work immediately without worrying that your software may stop working anytime because the free trial version expires. Additionally, there are large repositories from which you can freely download high quality software for almost any task you can think of.


#2 Stability: Linux doesnât need to be rebooted periodically to maintain performance levels. It doesnât freeze up or slow down over time due to memory leaks and such. Continuous up-times of hundreds of days (up to a year or more) are not uncommon.


#3 Performance: Linux provides persistent high performance on workstations and on networks. It can handle unusually large numbers of users simultaneously, and can make old computers sufficiently responsive to be useful again.


# 4 Network friendliness: Linux was developed by a group of programmers over the Internet and has therefore strong support for network functionality; client and server systems can be easily set up on any computer running Linux. It can perform tasks such as network backups faster and more reliably than alternative systems.


#5 Flexibility: Linux can be used for high performance server applications, desktop applications, and embedded systems. You can save disk space by only installing the components needed for a particular use. You can restrict the use of specific computers by installing for example only selected office applications instead of the whole suite.


#6 Compatibility: It runs all common Unix software packages and can process all common file formats.

#7 Choice: The large number of Linux distributions gives you a choice. Each distribution is developed and supported by a different organization. You can pick the one you like best; the core functionalities are the same; most software runs on most distributions.

#8 Full use of hard disk: Linux continues work well even when the hard disk is almost full.

#9 Multitasking: Linux is designed to do many things at the same time; e.g., a large printing job in the background wonât slow down your other work.

#10 Security: Linux is one of the most secure operating systems. âWallsâ and flexible file access permission systems prevent access by unwanted visitors or viruses. Linux users have to option to select and safely download software, free of charge, from online repositories containing thousands of high quality packages. No purchase transactions requiring credit card numbers or other sensitive personal information are necessary.

#11 Open Source: If you develop software that requires knowledge or modification of the operating system code, Linuxâs source code is at your fingertips. Most Linux applications are Open Source as well.

How to format or wipe a compact flash that is used for an embedded operating system?
Q. I have an ATP 4GB Compact Flash that is used for a computer and not for photos or with a camera.
It is Linux OS and after I format it in Win XP, the files are still there. Is there a program such as Boot and Nuke(which is for IDE drives) that will wipe the compact flash clean??
I've also tried to fdisk/format in DOS which does not work either. Any suggestions?

A. I'd say you have a bigger problem. Formatting isn't typically conditional. You don't complete a format, only to find that there are still files a card or drive. When a new file table is applied to a media device, it should be destroying any data on the card. I would use the Windows Disk Utility to delete the partition on that card, and then apply a new format to the drive. Do not use the Quick Format option either.

Do you think a Unix or Linux Administrator can get a job almost anywhere in the world easily?
Q. Let's say a person from America go to Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, or whatever. Do you think it would be easy to get a job since they have Linux Administration experience?

A. if you have the Linux qualifications then yes you will get a job any where in the world,
Linux runs the Internet,
Linux runs 455 of the worlds fastest top 500 HPC (High Powered Computers) Microsoft have 1 HPC in the bottom 45 (their own system)

You use Linux every day and don't know it, Linux run all domestic appliances from TV's Microwaves, Washers, Dryers, In car computers The list of embedded Linux in use is endless
if you want to know whats going on in the Linux world check these websites out
http://lxer.com/
http://lwn.net/
http://www.linuxtoday.com/

http://www.google.com/search?q=Intel%2Blinux&hl=en&prmd=n&source=univ&tbs=nws:1&tbo=u&ei=Si5yTOPOFIWBlAf7gvH0Dg&sa=X&oi=news_group&ct=title&resnum=5&ved=0CC0QsQQwBA
http://www-03.ibm.com/linux/



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Friday, March 1, 2013

Where is the best source to have a custom hardware device designed and built?

Q. I am looking for a resource or a tech shop to custom design and build a hardware device to my specifications with embedded Linux. Where is the best place to find a firm who designs custom hardware devices?

A. You can TRY this place. I don't know if they'll do you any good or not but it's a start:

http://www.directron.com/contact.html

I just called them, myself, to see if they offered the services you describe, but they're in Texas and it's 8:45 pm there right now!...and they're closed.

I hope this helps. Good luck!

How do I install python libraries?
Q. I have an embedded Linux device that is running an embedded version of python for it. The scripts I'm trying to run work great on my computer but wont run on the embedded Linux device. I looked into the matter further and found that two modules I am using, threading and signal, are not included in the embedded version of python. They are (I think) part of the standard python library. How can I get these modules and install them separately. I don't think I can put the standard python onto my embedded Linux device.

A. The module threading is a module located in the Lib directory (standard installation). You could try to place this file in corresponding location on your device. Signal is a built-in module. I suspect its platform-dependent and maybe not (yet?) implemented for your device. If your platform is windows CE for example, signal is not implement in the win CE version of python

Will a Linux operating system be difficult for somebody who used only Windows all life?
Q. Today I decided that I am officially tired with Windows and want to install Linux on my laptop. I read on a website all the pro and cons of each operating system ( Windows, OS, Linux) and discovered that Linux is the only one who had the pro list longer than the cons list. ( windows too vulnerable and Macs too pricey). In any case,in the Linux cons list it said that Linux should only be used by experienced computer users. I know my way around a computer but I cannot call myself and expert. Would it be difficult to transition from Windows to Linux if I am not a computer expert?

A. Welcome to the would of Linux based OSs!!

At one point or another most Linux users made that switch, and it can be difficult IF you try to use Linux (remember Linux is the kernel not the OS) like you use Windows. There is a learning curve that you must overcome. Things are just different, but not difficult. Years ago it was harder, but now, there are many distros (distributions) tailored to new users.

Since you already know the pros and cons, there is no need to discuss them. But when you start using Linux based OSs, you WILL be in "windows mode". This just takes time to overcome. Most people that tried Linux and said it was to hard, did not give themselves enough time to get out of "winblos mode".

When you install a Linux distro, you do not need antivirus, antimalware, firewalls, you do not need to defrag. You can install them if you like, but there is no real need unless it makes you feel better. If you stick to the repos (repositories - just to make it easier to explain - you can think of it like an app store that you use on your phone) you will be safe from malware.

Now the hardest part, at least for me, is to choose which distro. Go to distrowatch.com for info on hundreds of different distros.

Most distros are based on a few main distros. Here is an image to give you an idea how many forked from other distros:
http://files.cyberciti.biz/uploads/tips/2007/06/44218-linuxdistrotimeline-7.2.png

When I made the switch from winblows to Linux, here was my criteria:
1. made for beginners - you will have many problems if you jump to a distro made for experts
2. it must be a popular distro - the more people using it, the more help you will receive. you can ask on YA, in a linux forum, or people you know.
3 must look decent. I just don't like an ugly desktop.

Also, you can take almost any distro and add different desktop environments. You can think of the DE as the user interface. You can take Ubuntu, that ships with the Unity DE, and ad another, say KDE. But they do have this already, and called Kubuntu.

You can take Mint (which I recommend for new users) which you can choose form Cinnamon, GNOME, KDE, MATE, Xfce desktops. Or you can add others. Here is a gallery of some of the DEs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment#Gallery

So I would suggest to get an 8 or larger USB flash drive (or what ever you have) and use a program called YUMI to install as many different distros on that drive as it can hold. You choose which distro to boot into on start up. This way you can try out many different distros.

Also try out many of the different DEs. There is no way to know which one is right for you. since they are personal choice. I recommend the KDE since you are coming from winblows. It is pretty and (to me) easier to use. So I recommend Mint with KDE.

There are other made for beginners. If you decide to use Ubuntu make sure that you have a wired internet connection when you install. Ubuntu does not use closed source or proprietary software (it a FOSS thing). It will ask when you install if you want to use restricted software. Mint ships with this software and works better out of the box.

There are distros made for just about anything. If you have an older computer, there are distros for old computers. If this is the case I suggest to not use KDE but one made for older or slower computers. Like LXDE (You can download Mint with LXDE). There are distros for media production, scientists, educators, security, privacy, embedded, etc.... Heck, you can even put Linux on your router, mp3 player, tv, and other devices.

Here are some others:
http://distrowatch.com/search.php?category=Beginners



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Thursday, February 28, 2013

Do you think a Unix or Linux Administrator can get a job almost anywhere in the world easily?

Q. Let's say a person from America go to Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, or whatever. Do you think it would be easy to get a job since they have Linux Administration experience?

A. if you have the Linux qualifications then yes you will get a job any where in the world,
Linux runs the Internet,
Linux runs 455 of the worlds fastest top 500 HPC (High Powered Computers) Microsoft have 1 HPC in the bottom 45 (their own system)

You use Linux every day and don't know it, Linux run all domestic appliances from TV's Microwaves, Washers, Dryers, In car computers The list of embedded Linux in use is endless
if you want to know whats going on in the Linux world check these websites out
http://lxer.com/
http://lwn.net/
http://www.linuxtoday.com/

http://www.google.com/search?q=Intel%2Blinux&hl=en&prmd=n&source=univ&tbs=nws:1&tbo=u&ei=Si5yTOPOFIWBlAf7gvH0Dg&sa=X&oi=news_group&ct=title&resnum=5&ved=0CC0QsQQwBA
http://www-03.ibm.com/linux/

Why is Linux the operating system of choice for so many electronic gadgets?
Q. i need to know why Linux is the operating system of choice for so many electronic gadgets?

A. DavoJo has a good answer, but I'm going to go a little further and mention that embedded developers have the freedom to easily compile in only the features they need, which results is a fast-booting, bloat-free, lean operating system that is still as feature-rich as they desire.

Adding drivers for specialized hardware is easier than with other systems (Greg Kroah-Hartman and his team of volunteers will even write the drivers for you if you just provide specs), so hardware compatibility is a non-issue. With the abundance of Unix and portable C software available, software compatibility is also good.

Finally, Linux is free and easy to license, as long as you don't blatantly violate the GPL. (As of now, Linux is still licensed under version 2 of the GPL, so you still have a good number of options as far as how you use it and what you use it with.)

how can i get embedded linux?
Q. how and what to i need to create an embedded linux solution and what kind of thigns can i do with it?

A. hm well that is not an easy one, u can do a lot with embedded linux, as a matter of fact, nowadays it is included in many devices, but there are different eeproms with linux embedded, it is mostly build upon busybox which is actually just a small bash with minimal programs, but u can build upon it a good place to start looking are the wiki pages



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Wednesday, February 20, 2013

Will a Linux operating system be difficult for somebody who used only Windows all life?

Q. Today I decided that I am officially tired with Windows and want to install Linux on my laptop. I read on a website all the pro and cons of each operating system ( Windows, OS, Linux) and discovered that Linux is the only one who had the pro list longer than the cons list. ( windows too vulnerable and Macs too pricey). In any case,in the Linux cons list it said that Linux should only be used by experienced computer users. I know my way around a computer but I cannot call myself and expert. Would it be difficult to transition from Windows to Linux if I am not a computer expert?

A. Welcome to the would of Linux based OSs!!

At one point or another most Linux users made that switch, and it can be difficult IF you try to use Linux (remember Linux is the kernel not the OS) like you use Windows. There is a learning curve that you must overcome. Things are just different, but not difficult. Years ago it was harder, but now, there are many distros (distributions) tailored to new users.

Since you already know the pros and cons, there is no need to discuss them. But when you start using Linux based OSs, you WILL be in "windows mode". This just takes time to overcome. Most people that tried Linux and said it was to hard, did not give themselves enough time to get out of "winblos mode".

When you install a Linux distro, you do not need antivirus, antimalware, firewalls, you do not need to defrag. You can install them if you like, but there is no real need unless it makes you feel better. If you stick to the repos (repositories - just to make it easier to explain - you can think of it like an app store that you use on your phone) you will be safe from malware.

Now the hardest part, at least for me, is to choose which distro. Go to distrowatch.com for info on hundreds of different distros.

Most distros are based on a few main distros. Here is an image to give you an idea how many forked from other distros:
http://files.cyberciti.biz/uploads/tips/2007/06/44218-linuxdistrotimeline-7.2.png

When I made the switch from winblows to Linux, here was my criteria:
1. made for beginners - you will have many problems if you jump to a distro made for experts
2. it must be a popular distro - the more people using it, the more help you will receive. you can ask on YA, in a linux forum, or people you know.
3 must look decent. I just don't like an ugly desktop.

Also, you can take almost any distro and add different desktop environments. You can think of the DE as the user interface. You can take Ubuntu, that ships with the Unity DE, and ad another, say KDE. But they do have this already, and called Kubuntu.

You can take Mint (which I recommend for new users) which you can choose form Cinnamon, GNOME, KDE, MATE, Xfce desktops. Or you can add others. Here is a gallery of some of the DEs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment#Gallery

So I would suggest to get an 8 or larger USB flash drive (or what ever you have) and use a program called YUMI to install as many different distros on that drive as it can hold. You choose which distro to boot into on start up. This way you can try out many different distros.

Also try out many of the different DEs. There is no way to know which one is right for you. since they are personal choice. I recommend the KDE since you are coming from winblows. It is pretty and (to me) easier to use. So I recommend Mint with KDE.

There are other made for beginners. If you decide to use Ubuntu make sure that you have a wired internet connection when you install. Ubuntu does not use closed source or proprietary software (it a FOSS thing). It will ask when you install if you want to use restricted software. Mint ships with this software and works better out of the box.

There are distros made for just about anything. If you have an older computer, there are distros for old computers. If this is the case I suggest to not use KDE but one made for older or slower computers. Like LXDE (You can download Mint with LXDE). There are distros for media production, scientists, educators, security, privacy, embedded, etc.... Heck, you can even put Linux on your router, mp3 player, tv, and other devices.

Here are some others:
http://distrowatch.com/search.php?category=Beginners

Is the Linux market share increasing or has it stabilized?
Q. Is the Linux market share increasing or has it stabilized?

A. It is on the increase. At my employer we use embedded Linux , enterprise Linux, as well as small device Linux (Android).

Perhaps the enterprise sector is growing the fastest (Redhat, Centos, Novel Suse, and IBM).

Google Android is taking over the smart phone market.

MAC OS is for all practical purposes Linux.

what will happened to the drivers of my pc if i change from win7 to MAC or Linux?
Q. i am planning to change my OS from windows 7 to MAC or Linux but i am quite afraid that if i do it, the drivers in my printer, camera, motherboard, bluetooth, joystick, ect. won't work anymore.
i just wanna confirm, if my doubts are correct that the drivers that i have right now will no longer work if ever i install MAC or Linux.
i also wanna ask your advice with what versions of MAC/Linux should i use? and why?

A. linux and mac also have built-in drivers
but some of your drivers have to reinstall them (with Linux and mac versions)


i will recommend you Linux

Linux Advantages (short)
Open Source
its free
less virus

Linux Advantages (full description)

#1 Low cost: You donât need to spend time and money to obtain licenses since Linux and much of its software come with the GNU General Public License. You can start to work immediately without worrying that your software may stop working anytime because the free trial version expires. Additionally, there are large repositories from which you can freely download high quality software for almost any task you can think of.


#2 Stability: Linux doesnât need to be rebooted periodically to maintain performance levels. It doesnât freeze up or slow down over time due to memory leaks and such. Continuous up-times of hundreds of days (up to a year or more) are not uncommon.


#3 Performance: Linux provides persistent high performance on workstations and on networks. It can handle unusually large numbers of users simultaneously, and can make old computers sufficiently responsive to be useful again.


# 4 Network friendliness: Linux was developed by a group of programmers over the Internet and has therefore strong support for network functionality; client and server systems can be easily set up on any computer running Linux. It can perform tasks such as network backups faster and more reliably than alternative systems.


#5 Flexibility: Linux can be used for high performance server applications, desktop applications, and embedded systems. You can save disk space by only installing the components needed for a particular use. You can restrict the use of specific computers by installing for example only selected office applications instead of the whole suite.


#6 Compatibility: It runs all common Unix software packages and can process all common file formats.

#7 Choice: The large number of Linux distributions gives you a choice. Each distribution is developed and supported by a different organization. You can pick the one you like best; the core functionalities are the same; most software runs on most distributions.

#8 Full use of hard disk: Linux continues work well even when the hard disk is almost full.

#9 Multitasking: Linux is designed to do many things at the same time; e.g., a large printing job in the background wonât slow down your other work.

#10 Security: Linux is one of the most secure operating systems. âWallsâ and flexible file access permission systems prevent access by unwanted visitors or viruses. Linux users have to option to select and safely download software, free of charge, from online repositories containing thousands of high quality packages. No purchase transactions requiring credit card numbers or other sensitive personal information are necessary.

#11 Open Source: If you develop software that requires knowledge or modification of the operating system code, Linuxâs source code is at your fingertips. Most Linux applications are Open Source as well.



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Tuesday, February 19, 2013

Is software I write for one Linux distribution compatible for all Linux distributions?

Q. I'm thinking about writing some stuff for an easy to get distro like Ubuntu, then trying it on an embedded Linux platform with an ARM processor.

Will I have issues porting it over?

I'm not a computer newb entirely, but I am a Linux newb for the most part.

A. Probably... Everything in linux is built from packets (As you probably know by now) - you want to make sure you know which packets you need... My APGUI project needs GTK, Python, Pygtk and APG before it will run...

If your app is entirely self-contained... Gratz, you are one of the only 5 people who write apps that way :)

How can I get an introduction as to how Linux is used in Embedded Applications?
Q. I wish to have a dive (not swim very deep though) into Embedded Linux.
Are there any good resources on the internet that you would like to recommend?
Please note that I know the C language inside out and have also done micro-controllers programming even though it was without any RTOS.

A. See the guide here: http://www.scratchbox.org/documentation/general/tutorials/introduction.html

How do I install python libraries?
Q. I have an embedded Linux device that is running an embedded version of python for it. The scripts I'm trying to run work great on my computer but wont run on the embedded Linux device. I looked into the matter further and found that two modules I am using, threading and signal, are not included in the embedded version of python. They are (I think) part of the standard python library. How can I get these modules and install them separately. I don't think I can put the standard python onto my embedded Linux device.

A. The module threading is a module located in the Lib directory (standard installation). You could try to place this file in corresponding location on your device. Signal is a built-in module. I suspect its platform-dependent and maybe not (yet?) implemented for your device. If your platform is windows CE for example, signal is not implement in the win CE version of python



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Monday, February 18, 2013

How to format or wipe a compact flash that is used for an embedded operating system?

Q. I have an ATP 4GB Compact Flash that is used for a computer and not for photos or with a camera.
It is Linux OS and after I format it in Win XP, the files are still there. Is there a program such as Boot and Nuke(which is for IDE drives) that will wipe the compact flash clean??
I've also tried to fdisk/format in DOS which does not work either. Any suggestions?

A. I'd say you have a bigger problem. Formatting isn't typically conditional. You don't complete a format, only to find that there are still files a card or drive. When a new file table is applied to a media device, it should be destroying any data on the card. I would use the Windows Disk Utility to delete the partition on that card, and then apply a new format to the drive. Do not use the Quick Format option either.

Do you think a Unix or Linux Administrator can get a job almost anywhere in the world easily?
Q. Let's say a person from America go to Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, or whatever. Do you think it would be easy to get a job since they have Linux Administration experience?

A. if you have the Linux qualifications then yes you will get a job any where in the world,
Linux runs the Internet,
Linux runs 455 of the worlds fastest top 500 HPC (High Powered Computers) Microsoft have 1 HPC in the bottom 45 (their own system)

You use Linux every day and don't know it, Linux run all domestic appliances from TV's Microwaves, Washers, Dryers, In car computers The list of embedded Linux in use is endless
if you want to know whats going on in the Linux world check these websites out
http://lxer.com/
http://lwn.net/
http://www.linuxtoday.com/

http://www.google.com/search?q=Intel%2Blinux&hl=en&prmd=n&source=univ&tbs=nws:1&tbo=u&ei=Si5yTOPOFIWBlAf7gvH0Dg&sa=X&oi=news_group&ct=title&resnum=5&ved=0CC0QsQQwBA
http://www-03.ibm.com/linux/

Why is Linux the operating system of choice for so many electronic gadgets?
Q. i need to know why Linux is the operating system of choice for so many electronic gadgets?

A. DavoJo has a good answer, but I'm going to go a little further and mention that embedded developers have the freedom to easily compile in only the features they need, which results is a fast-booting, bloat-free, lean operating system that is still as feature-rich as they desire.

Adding drivers for specialized hardware is easier than with other systems (Greg Kroah-Hartman and his team of volunteers will even write the drivers for you if you just provide specs), so hardware compatibility is a non-issue. With the abundance of Unix and portable C software available, software compatibility is also good.

Finally, Linux is free and easy to license, as long as you don't blatantly violate the GPL. (As of now, Linux is still licensed under version 2 of the GPL, so you still have a good number of options as far as how you use it and what you use it with.)



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Friday, February 15, 2013

Is software I write for one Linux distribution compatible for all Linux distributions?

Q. I'm thinking about writing some stuff for an easy to get distro like Ubuntu, then trying it on an embedded Linux platform with an ARM processor.

Will I have issues porting it over?

I'm not a computer newb entirely, but I am a Linux newb for the most part.

A. Probably... Everything in linux is built from packets (As you probably know by now) - you want to make sure you know which packets you need... My APGUI project needs GTK, Python, Pygtk and APG before it will run...

If your app is entirely self-contained... Gratz, you are one of the only 5 people who write apps that way :)

How can I get an introduction as to how Linux is used in Embedded Applications?
Q. I wish to have a dive (not swim very deep though) into Embedded Linux.
Are there any good resources on the internet that you would like to recommend?
Please note that I know the C language inside out and have also done micro-controllers programming even though it was without any RTOS.

A. See the guide here: http://www.scratchbox.org/documentation/general/tutorials/introduction.html

Where is the best source to have a custom hardware device designed and built?
Q. I am looking for a resource or a tech shop to custom design and build a hardware device to my specifications with embedded Linux. Where is the best place to find a firm who designs custom hardware devices?

A. You can TRY this place. I don't know if they'll do you any good or not but it's a start:

http://www.directron.com/contact.html

I just called them, myself, to see if they offered the services you describe, but they're in Texas and it's 8:45 pm there right now!...and they're closed.

I hope this helps. Good luck!



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Sunday, February 10, 2013

Will a Linux operating system be difficult for somebody who used only Windows all life?

Q. Today I decided that I am officially tired with Windows and want to install Linux on my laptop. I read on a website all the pro and cons of each operating system ( Windows, OS, Linux) and discovered that Linux is the only one who had the pro list longer than the cons list. ( windows too vulnerable and Macs too pricey). In any case,in the Linux cons list it said that Linux should only be used by experienced computer users. I know my way around a computer but I cannot call myself and expert. Would it be difficult to transition from Windows to Linux if I am not a computer expert?

A. Welcome to the would of Linux based OSs!!

At one point or another most Linux users made that switch, and it can be difficult IF you try to use Linux (remember Linux is the kernel not the OS) like you use Windows. There is a learning curve that you must overcome. Things are just different, but not difficult. Years ago it was harder, but now, there are many distros (distributions) tailored to new users.

Since you already know the pros and cons, there is no need to discuss them. But when you start using Linux based OSs, you WILL be in "windows mode". This just takes time to overcome. Most people that tried Linux and said it was to hard, did not give themselves enough time to get out of "winblos mode".

When you install a Linux distro, you do not need antivirus, antimalware, firewalls, you do not need to defrag. You can install them if you like, but there is no real need unless it makes you feel better. If you stick to the repos (repositories - just to make it easier to explain - you can think of it like an app store that you use on your phone) you will be safe from malware.

Now the hardest part, at least for me, is to choose which distro. Go to distrowatch.com for info on hundreds of different distros.

Most distros are based on a few main distros. Here is an image to give you an idea how many forked from other distros:
http://files.cyberciti.biz/uploads/tips/2007/06/44218-linuxdistrotimeline-7.2.png

When I made the switch from winblows to Linux, here was my criteria:
1. made for beginners - you will have many problems if you jump to a distro made for experts
2. it must be a popular distro - the more people using it, the more help you will receive. you can ask on YA, in a linux forum, or people you know.
3 must look decent. I just don't like an ugly desktop.

Also, you can take almost any distro and add different desktop environments. You can think of the DE as the user interface. You can take Ubuntu, that ships with the Unity DE, and ad another, say KDE. But they do have this already, and called Kubuntu.

You can take Mint (which I recommend for new users) which you can choose form Cinnamon, GNOME, KDE, MATE, Xfce desktops. Or you can add others. Here is a gallery of some of the DEs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment#Gallery

So I would suggest to get an 8 or larger USB flash drive (or what ever you have) and use a program called YUMI to install as many different distros on that drive as it can hold. You choose which distro to boot into on start up. This way you can try out many different distros.

Also try out many of the different DEs. There is no way to know which one is right for you. since they are personal choice. I recommend the KDE since you are coming from winblows. It is pretty and (to me) easier to use. So I recommend Mint with KDE.

There are other made for beginners. If you decide to use Ubuntu make sure that you have a wired internet connection when you install. Ubuntu does not use closed source or proprietary software (it a FOSS thing). It will ask when you install if you want to use restricted software. Mint ships with this software and works better out of the box.

There are distros made for just about anything. If you have an older computer, there are distros for old computers. If this is the case I suggest to not use KDE but one made for older or slower computers. Like LXDE (You can download Mint with LXDE). There are distros for media production, scientists, educators, security, privacy, embedded, etc.... Heck, you can even put Linux on your router, mp3 player, tv, and other devices.

Here are some others:
http://distrowatch.com/search.php?category=Beginners

Is the Linux market share increasing or has it stabilized?
Q. Is the Linux market share increasing or has it stabilized?

A. It is on the increase. At my employer we use embedded Linux , enterprise Linux, as well as small device Linux (Android).

Perhaps the enterprise sector is growing the fastest (Redhat, Centos, Novel Suse, and IBM).

Google Android is taking over the smart phone market.

MAC OS is for all practical purposes Linux.

what will happened to the drivers of my pc if i change from win7 to MAC or Linux?
Q. i am planning to change my OS from windows 7 to MAC or Linux but i am quite afraid that if i do it, the drivers in my printer, camera, motherboard, bluetooth, joystick, ect. won't work anymore.
i just wanna confirm, if my doubts are correct that the drivers that i have right now will no longer work if ever i install MAC or Linux.
i also wanna ask your advice with what versions of MAC/Linux should i use? and why?

A. linux and mac also have built-in drivers
but some of your drivers have to reinstall them (with Linux and mac versions)


i will recommend you Linux

Linux Advantages (short)
Open Source
its free
less virus

Linux Advantages (full description)

#1 Low cost: You donât need to spend time and money to obtain licenses since Linux and much of its software come with the GNU General Public License. You can start to work immediately without worrying that your software may stop working anytime because the free trial version expires. Additionally, there are large repositories from which you can freely download high quality software for almost any task you can think of.


#2 Stability: Linux doesnât need to be rebooted periodically to maintain performance levels. It doesnât freeze up or slow down over time due to memory leaks and such. Continuous up-times of hundreds of days (up to a year or more) are not uncommon.


#3 Performance: Linux provides persistent high performance on workstations and on networks. It can handle unusually large numbers of users simultaneously, and can make old computers sufficiently responsive to be useful again.


# 4 Network friendliness: Linux was developed by a group of programmers over the Internet and has therefore strong support for network functionality; client and server systems can be easily set up on any computer running Linux. It can perform tasks such as network backups faster and more reliably than alternative systems.


#5 Flexibility: Linux can be used for high performance server applications, desktop applications, and embedded systems. You can save disk space by only installing the components needed for a particular use. You can restrict the use of specific computers by installing for example only selected office applications instead of the whole suite.


#6 Compatibility: It runs all common Unix software packages and can process all common file formats.

#7 Choice: The large number of Linux distributions gives you a choice. Each distribution is developed and supported by a different organization. You can pick the one you like best; the core functionalities are the same; most software runs on most distributions.

#8 Full use of hard disk: Linux continues work well even when the hard disk is almost full.

#9 Multitasking: Linux is designed to do many things at the same time; e.g., a large printing job in the background wonât slow down your other work.

#10 Security: Linux is one of the most secure operating systems. âWallsâ and flexible file access permission systems prevent access by unwanted visitors or viruses. Linux users have to option to select and safely download software, free of charge, from online repositories containing thousands of high quality packages. No purchase transactions requiring credit card numbers or other sensitive personal information are necessary.

#11 Open Source: If you develop software that requires knowledge or modification of the operating system code, Linuxâs source code is at your fingertips. Most Linux applications are Open Source as well.



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